What is mood disorder?
A mood disorder, also known as an affective disorder, is a mental health condition that primarily affects a person's emotional state. Mood disorders can dramatically impact a person's day-to-day life and ability to function. The two main types of mood disorders are depression and bipolar disorder.
Depression involves feeling persistently sad, hopeless, or irritable. It is often accompanied by changes in sleep, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem. Depressive episodes can range from mild to severe and short-term to chronic. Major depressive disorder is a serious form of depression where symptoms significantly interfere with work, social life, and basic functioning.
Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, causes dramatic shifts in mood and energy levels. People with bipolar disorder cycle between emotional "highs" (manic episodes) and "lows" (depressive episodes). Both depressive and manic phases of bipolar disorder can be extremely impairing.
Some other types of mood disorders include:
- Dysthymic disorder - A mild but chronic form of depression - Cyclothymic disorder - Fluctuating moods between hypomania and depression that don't reach full manic/depressive intensity - Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder - Severe, chronic irritability in children and adolescents - Premenstrual dysphoric disorder - Severe mood swings and irritability linked to menstrual cycle - Seasonal affective disorder - Depression symptoms triggered by seasonal variations in light exposure
What causes mood disorders? While the exact causes are unknown, research suggests mood disorders arise from complex interactions between genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Imbalances in brain chemicals like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine play a major role. Stressful life events, trauma, medical problems, and substance abuse may trigger depressive episodes in predisposed individuals.
How are mood disorders treated? Mood disorders are generally treated with psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both. Types of medication include antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics. Talk therapy helps people understand their condition, develop coping strategies, and address underlying issues. Lifestyle changes like exercise, sleep hygiene, and stress management also support treatment.
If you or a loved one are struggling with feelings of depression or mania, contact the mental health professionals at Balance Hormone Center. Our caring team provides compassionate care and holistic treatment options including hormone testing and bioidentical hormone therapy. Get back to enjoying life - call Balance Hormone Center today to schedule a consultation!
In summary, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder involve disruptions in emotional regulation that negatively impact quality of life. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment, many people can manage their symptoms, achieve remission, and live full, meaningful lives. There are many reasons to be hopeful.