Estradiol is one of the most important estrogen sex hormones in both women and men. It is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle. Here's a quick overview of what you need to know about estradiol:
- What is it? Estradiol is a steroid hormone and the predominant form of estrogen found in humans. It is produced mainly by the ovaries in women, while smaller amounts are produced by the adrenal glands and testes in men.
- How does it work? Estradiol binds to and activates estrogen receptors throughout the body, particularly in the breasts, uterus, vagina, bone, brain, liver, and heart. This stimulates growth, proliferation, and transcriptional activity in these tissues.
- What does it do? Estradiol has numerous important functions in the female body. It is responsible for breast development during puberty and maintains the health of breast tissue. It regulates the menstrual cycle by controlling the thickness of the uterine lining and promoting ovulation. Estradiol also maintains bone density and cardiovascular health.
In men, estradiol is essential for reproductive function. It works alongside testosterone to regulate libido, erectile function, and sperm production. Estradiol also plays a role in bone and cardiovascular health in men.
- What are normal levels? In women, estradiol levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle. The normal range is generally between 15-350 pg/mL prior to menopause. In men, normal estradiol levels are usually between 10-40 pg/mL.
- What causes high or low levels? Abnormally high estradiol can be caused by conditions like ovarian tumors, while low levels may indicate primary ovarian failure. Menopause leads to a dramatic drop in estradiol production. High or low testosterone levels in men can also impact estradiol levels.
- How is it treated? Estradiol levels are managed through hormonal medications like birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, aromatase inhibitors, and testosterone therapy. Lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and stress reduction may also help optimize estradiol levels.
So in summary, estradiol is an essential sex hormone that plays a critical role in female reproductive health and has important functions in men as well. Monitoring and managing estradiol levels is important for maintaining overall health. The hormone experts at Balance Hormone Center can help assess your hormone levels and determine if estrogen therapy could benefit you. Book a consultation today to discuss your options.